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'A Religious Artifact' "An individual processed with the aid of the E-meter was said to reach the intended goal of "clear" and was led to believe there was reliable scientific proof that once cleared many, indeed most illnesses would automatically be cured. Auditing was guaranteed to be successful. All this was and is false -- in short, a fraud. " Federal District Judge Gesell 333 F. Supp. 357; 1971 U.S. Dist Boris Sidis was a Jewish, Russian psychologist, physician, psychiatrist, and philosopher of education. In his written works, (1898 - 1922) Dr. Sidis expresses disdain for Freudian sexual ideologies used as psychiatric treatment. L Ron Hubbard also taught Dianetic and Scientology followers to fear psychiatry. Boris Sidis devoted extensive research to an E-Meter-like device - a skin galvanometer, even stating that hand to hand resistance was normally 5000 Ohms. This is the identical value for ideal as stated by Hubbard of "Tone Arm position 3" on the Scientology E-meter. Boris Sidis stated in 1914 - "Neither from a practical clinical standpoint nor from a purely theoretical, psychopathological standpoint can we say that the galvanometer is of any value... I can say without hesitation that from a clinical standpoint their worth is nil." In a review of Sidis' work, Meyer Soloman, M.D. quoted, "The association method and graphic methods (sphygmograph, plethysmograph, pneumograph, galvanometer) are of no value clinically", he concludes. Introspection and observation, the study of dream states, the use of hypnotic and hypnoidal states and their methods of employment are given special attention. The role of suggestibility is stressed..."
SYMPTOMATOLOGY, PSYCHOGNOSIS, AND DIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHOPATHIC DISEASES THE SUBCONSCIOUS AND THE CONDITIONS OF ITS MANIFESTATION [...]
I myself have done a good deal of work with all the graphic methods, sphygmographic, plethysmographic, pneumographic, and galvanometric. I have taken several thousand tracings of each in normal and abnormal cases. Perhaps it may be well to mention a method of approaching the subconscious or as it is put in reaching the so called "suppressed complexes." This consists in giving the patient or subject a series of words and by observing the quality of the answers as well as the time of the reply made or the association time, the character of the "suppressed complex" is supposed to be reached, if the association time is found to be lengthened. The same can be done with the galvanometric reflex. When a special "complex" associated with a suppressed emotion is reached there is a greater galvanometric deflection. The same is claimed to be accomplished with other graphic records, such as sphygmographic, pneumographic, or plethysmographic records. Judging from what Pavlow has written to me that he and his collaborators are at work on the higher nerve activity of the brain of the dog, according to the methods of conditional reflexes, then it may be possible to study man's mental life or his reactions, however complicated, from observed glandular secretions. This fantastic prospect is at present as yet in the distant future. Neither from a practical clinical standpoint nor from a purely theoretical, psychopathological standpoint can we say that the galvanometer is of any value. We can no more study mental states with a galvanometer than we can investigate ideas and feelings with a microscope or telescope. The trouble with the medical man is that he wishes to examine mental states as he examines urine, sputum, blood, or bodily reflexes. This cannot be done in the case of mental states. There is no physical instrument with which mental states can be examined and studied. The sooner the medical man learns it, the less will he be carried away or be deceived by some new wonderful instruments for discovering hidden thoughts or measuring and photographing ideas and feelings. Introspection and observation, supplemented by the physician's or psychopathologist's introspective interpretation, will ever remain the tool of the psychologist and psychopathologist. Similarly with the association method. Nothing is more misleading and clumsy than the association words, the replies, and the time taken. Some people may amuse or deceive themselves with it, but as to the insight which it gives into the delicate working of the human mind in general and of mental troubles in particular the value may be said without hesitation to be less than nothing. The results are misleading and deceptive. The late Professor James was fully right when he characterized this kind of psychological work as "Brass Psychology." I can say without hesitation that from a clinical standpoint their worth is nil. They are good as charts, as curves, as pictures and illustrations for the eye after the data are acquired, but as a guide for psychognostic or diagnostic purposes they are all worthless. [...] 5. In my work on galvanometric deflections carried out with Dr. H. T. Kalmus at the Research Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at my Psychopathological Laboratory we come to the following conclusion: "Our experiments clearly point to the fact that active physiological, sensory, and emotional processes, with the exception of pure ideational ones, initiated in a living organism bring about electromotive forces with consequent galvanometric deflections." In my galvanometric work with Dr. L. Nelson performed on various animals, on man, frogs, rabbits and cats we arrive at the following conclusions: 1. Galvanometric deflections are brought about by psycho-physiological processes (but not by purely ideational processes) under the influence of various stimulations. 2. These galvanic deflections termed by us "galvanic reactions" are not due to variations of resistance, whether of skin or of body. 3. The galvanic reaction is the result of variations of electromotive forces produced by the psycho-physiological processes set into activity by the agency of external or internal stimulations. 4. The causation of the galvanic reactions cannot be referred to circulation, nor can it be referred to secretory currents, whether of skin-glands or of other glandular organs. 5. The central nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system are alike excluded as factors concerned in the manifestation of the galvanic reaction. 6. The galvanic reaction is a muscular cutaneous phenomenon due to the influence of various agencies, emotional, sensory, physiological, chemical, thermal, electrical or mechanical. 7. The galvanic reaction is chiefly brought about by the muscles and glands within the circuit. 8. Prolonged active peristalsis gives rise to galvanic deflections which are due to the contraction of the muscles and the action of glands involved in the process of peristalsis. 9. The galvanic reaction diminishes and even completely disappears with the repetition of the same kind of stimulation. 10. This fall or complete disappearance of the galvanic reaction with the repetition of stimulation is usually due to a decrease of sensitivity in regard to the same repeated stimulation. 11. The fall however of the galvanic reaction may also be brought about by the action of a prolonged stimulation resulting in a gradual fatigue of the muscles in the circuit. 12. The heart-beat, like the contractions of any of the other muscles, gives rise to galvanic deflections. The so-called hypnotic hallucination is an artifact elaborated by both parties in the experiment, --it is a kind of an unconscious collusion, formed between the experimenter and the subject. From: Imagine a Letter from L. Ron Hubbard: In 1907, Sidis discovered that physical stimulus or noises or words made the needle on the galvanometer move. Then he discovered that the same needle on the instrument moved just by thinking that thought, of the same stimuli, noise or words: "The experimenter then ascertained that actual irritation (stimulus) was not essential to these results, but the presentation of the proposed stimulus to the imagination also brought about similar deviations in the galvanometer. He stated, furthermore, that the recollection of some fear, fright or joy, in general any kind of strong emotion, produced the same result. He also noted that the emotion of expectant attention or anticipation had a marked effect upon the galvanometer." More pages about 'fake religious artifact,' called the 'E-Meter' can be found HERE "...giving their worldly goods without stint, and a priesthood, made partly of fanatics and partly of charlatans, conducting a vast enterprise of graft, and harvesting that thing desires of all men, power over the lives and destinies of others...' Author: Maureen Drueck |
